Introduction to Plastic Surgery
Plastic surgery is a specialized branch of surgery dedicated to restoration of function and correction of deformities resulting from congenital defects, cancer and trauma including accidents and burns.
Cosmetic \ Aesthetic surgery is an integral part of the specialty. It allows surgical correction of disproportion and rejuvenation of the effect of ageing.
Plastic surgery is the only specialty that covers all the visible soft tissues from head to toe.
Cosmetic surgery
Face
- Eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty)
- Brow lift/ Forehead lift
- Facelift (rhytidectomy)
- Facial Implants (chin, cheek, jaw)
- Lip augmentation
- Nose job (Rhinoplasty)
- Hair restorative surgery (hair transplant)
- Injectable filler (hyalouronic acid & others)
- Fat injections/ Botox injections
- Platelet Rich Plasma therapy for Hair transplant/ Facial rejuvenation
Breast
- Breast lift (mastopexy)
- Breast reduction (reduction mammoplasty)
- Breast augmentation (breast implant)
- Enlarged male breast (Gynaecomastia)
Body
- Arm lift (brachioplasty)
- Body lift (body contouring)
- Liposuction
- Abdominoplasty
- Thigh/ buttock lift
Reconstructive surgery
- Cleft lip & palate surgery
- Removal of birth marks & vascular anomalies
- Tissue expander surgery
- Microsurgery
- Burn reconstruction
- Facial restoration after complex facial trauma
- Trauma reconstruction for complex leg compound fractures
- Hand surgery for trauma, carpal tunnel and birth defect
- Head and neck reconstruction after cancer surgery
- Breast and nipple reconstructive after cancer surgery
Procedures at glance
Liposuction (Lipoplasty and Suction Lipectomy)
Liposuction is surgery to improve the contour of your body by removing pockets of excess fat from specific areas of the body. “Lipo” comes from the Greek word “lipos,” meaning fat. Liposuction uses suction to remove fat deposits. The suction is provided by a vacuum-like device or sometimes by a large syringe. The suction device is inserted through a small incision in the body, and the surgeon suctions out the fat tissue. Liposuction is not an alternative to weight loss if you are overweight. But it offers a way to a smoother, trimmer body for those with extra pockets of fat that won’t go away with weight loss or exercise.
The best candidates for liposuction:
- Are close to normal weight.
- Have pockets of excess fat, but with firm skin.
- Are physically and psychologically healthy.
- Have realistic expectations about what they hope the procedure will do for them.
Liposuction can remove fat from many different areas of the body, including the thighs, hips, abdomen, buttocks, breasts, waist, upper arms, and neck.
Abdominoplasty
Commonly called a “tummy tuck,” is a method of removing fat from the abdomen (stomach region). If your abdomen has an excessive amount of skin and fat, a tummy tuck may be a better option for you than liposuction. Sometimes abdominoplasty is done in addition to liposuction. This operation involves surgically removing excess skin and fat from the belly, and it may involve tightening the abdominal wall muscles as well. The end result is a flatter stomach.
Blepharoplasty
Or eyelid surgery is a surgical procedure that removes excess folds of skin in the upper lids and pouches under the eyes (lower lids). Whether to improve your appearance, your vision, or both, reconstructive surgery usually produces a very pleasing effect and gives you a more rested, youthful look. Blepharoplasty can be performed on one eyelid or on both. Blepharoplasty can have a dramatic effect on your eyelids, restoring a brighter, more rested appearance. Blepharoplasty is one of the most satisfying facial cosmetic procedures because recovery is brief while results are long lasting.
Brow Lift
A brow or forehead lift is most often done to raise drooping eyebrows and smooth out wrinkles and creases on the forehead and between the eyes.
The tissue of the forehead and brow can sometimes sag down over the upper eyelid to such an extent that the eyelashes and eyebrows meet. Wrinkles or “corrugations” in the forehead and the frown lines between the eyes become fixed. These wrinkles and creases can cause a person to look tired, sad, or angry all the time.
A brow lift alters or removes the tissues that cause furrowing and drooping of the forehead, raises the eyebrows, and reduces frown lines.
Face lift
A face lift is a plastic surgery procedure that can remove excess fat, tighten muscles, and redrape the skin of the face, resulting in a more youthful appearance. As people age, their skin becomes less elastic, particularly on their face. Sometimes, sagging skin around the jaw line or loose skin on the neck becomes particularly noticeable and unflattering. In such circumstances, a face lift, also called a rhytidectomy, can dramatically smooth the skin and improve a person’s appearance. While other procedures can smooth surface wrinkles, only a face lift can tighten sagging facial skin, jowls, double chins, and loose skin. A facelift reshapes the lower one-third of the face, while eyelid surgery and a brow lift address the eyes and forehead.
Hair restorative surgery
Hair transplant is an operation that takes hair from back of head and implanted into bald area. The fringe (back & sides) of hair on scalp is known as donor dominant hair , which will continue to grow throughout life of most men. Candidates for hair transplant are those individuals with hair loss that have sufficient donor hair from the fringe of scalp to transplant to balding area. Nowadays hair restorative surgeon using micro- mini follicular graft to create natural hair line and to cover bald area. Side effects of surgery are mild pain, swelling, infection, scab formation and scar on back of scalp which hides under hair. Modern hair transplantation is comfortable, predictable and results are pleasing to most patients.
Breast augmentation (Breast Implant)
Breast augmentation is the medical name for a ‘boob job’. It means increasing the size of the breasts with a medical implant. This implant is usually made of silicone and is inserted into the breast via an incision in the crease underneath the breasts. These implants are a silicone shell filled with silicone gel or saline solution. The insertion and type of implant will depend on your body type, personal preference and your surgeon’s advice. You will be given a general anesthetic and the implants will be inserted via the incisions made in the creases underneath the breasts. Other options include the armpits or near the areola (the circular area around the nipple). Your surgeon will then close the incisions with ordinary or dissolvable stitches. These are then taped for extra support and a light bandage will be applied.
Breast reduction surgery
This is the name given to the procedure to reduce the size of the breasts. Large breasts may sound attractive but the reality can be anything but attractive! This procedure is also known as ‘mammaplasty’. Many women find that large, heavy breasts can cause backache and other physical problems. There are psychological issues as well which include a lack of self-confidence and self-esteem. Some women find that they are subject to unwanted attention or comments about their appearance. The surgery itself involves removing breast tissue, fat and skin. The remaining underlying tissues and nipples are then moved to a higher location. The skin from both sides of each breast is moved down and around the areola. This gives the breast a new smaller contour. There are several breast reduction techniques which all help to reshape the breasts. Breast reduction is often performed as part of breast asymmetry surgery.
Breast lift — Mastopexy or breast lift
Surgery refers to a group of elective surgical operations designed to lift or change the shape of a person’s breasts. Mastopexy may involve repositioning the areola and nipple, as well as lifting the breast tissue and removing skin. Mastopexy may be performed alone, or in combination with placement of breast implants.
Rhinoplasty — Nose Job
Rhino (Latin for nose) and plasty (Greek for molding or forming) is a medical procedure that reshapes the nose for cosmetic or reconstructive purposes. It’s more commonly referred to as a “nose job. Rhinoplasty can reduce the size of the nose or alter the shape of the tip for a more pleasing result. It can even change the angle between the nose and upper lip. It can also restore proper functioning of the nose in the case of injury or abnormalities of the nasal cavities. Rhinoplasty ensures that a patient will be able to breathe through both nostrils.
Gynecomastia — Male Breast Enlargement
Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast resulting from a proliferation of the glandular component of the breast. Gynecomastia is defined clinically by the presence of a rubbery or firm mass extending concentrically from the nipples. The condition known as pseudogynecomastia, or lipomastia, is characterized by fat deposition without glandular proliferation. Although gynecomastia is usually bilateral, it can be unilateral.
Lip Augmentation
Is a procedure that creates fuller, plumper lips and reduces fine lines around the mouth. Lips may be injected with fat or soft tissue fillers( eg polyacralymide/ Hyalouronic acid.
Facial Implants
Chin, jaw or cheek implants are designed to improve or enhance facial contours. These are usually made up of silicone/ porous material (medpore).
Reconstructive Facial surgery
To create a normal appearance for patients, who have facial cuts, disfiguring scars, skin cancer, burns or birth defects that affect the face. A variety of methods may be used, depending on the patient’s needs. As the surgeon takes special care to ensure that the resulting scars are small, thin and concealed in the natural creases of face.
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